An unmatched case control study was done involving 159 cases mothers having lbw singleton babies and 159 controls mothers having normal birth weight singleton babies. Smoking, drinking alcohol, using street drugs and abusing prescription drugs. This can happen for many different reasons which may or may not be related. Low birth weight babies are at a greater risk of dying during the first year of life and more likely to. This study was done to assess the maternal and sociodemographic factors associated with low birth weight lbw babies. To find out the incidence of low birth weight babies and assess the various risk factors responsible or contributing the production of low birth weight, very low birth weight, extremely low birth weight. When a woman is between the ages of 18 and 35, she is in the prime of her childbearing years and is more likely to conceive a healthy child. Low birth weight was found to be associated with a significantly elevated risk of developing schizophrenia alone p 0. Low birth weight lbw is one of the main risk factors that affects infant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Jul 07, 2016 reducing the risk of having a low birth weight baby expectant parents can take steps to tip the scales in favor of a newborns longterm health. To the investigators knowledge in bale zone, no study has yet been done to elucidate the risk factors for low birth weight using case control study design.
Low birth weight refers to birth weights below 2500 grams 1. Low birth weight lbw is closely associated with foetal and neonatal mortality and morbidity, inhibite growth and cognitive development and resulted chronic diseases later in life. Pdf risk factors associated with low birth weight researchgate. The primary cause is premature birth, being born before 37 weeks gestation. A case control study on risk factors associated with low. More than half of multiple birth babies have low birthweight. Preterm birth and low birth weight maternal and child. Infant low birth weight lbw happens when babies weigh less than 5 pounds and 8 ounces at birth. There are several things pregnant women can do to help reduce the risk of certain birth defects, such as getting enough folic acid before and during pregnancy to prevent neural tube defects. Risk factors of low birth weight and effect of them on. Therefore, it is important to clarify and work toward the mitigation of factors that contribute to low birth weight. In a prospective hospital based study, during the period from jan 95 to dec 96, 3100 consecutively delivered live newborns were studied for the incidence of low birth weight neonates and to evaluate the associated risk factors. Pregnant women who smoke are three and a half times more likely to have an sga baby than women who dont smoke.
Association of low birth weight with undernutrition in. Risk factors associated with low birth weight article pdf available in journal of nepal health research council 92. Prevalence and risk factors of low birth weight infants in ahedan. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and associated factors of low birth weight. Apr 02, 2009 april 2, 2009 low birth weight babies have been shown in numerous studies to have an elevated risk for heart disease in adulthood, and now a new study may help explain why researchers from. The world health organization defines low birth weight lbw as a new born having a weight of less than 2,500 g at birth. Across the world neonatal mortality is 20 times more likely for low birth. To determine frequency of low birth weight lbw at term and to determine frequency of various associated risk factors. Objectives this study examined risk and protective factors associated with very low birth weight vlbw for babies born to women receiving adequate or inadequate prenatal care. Bhatti a, naz s, majid e, bhatti n 2010 maternal risk factors associated with low birth weight babies. Maternal factors and utilization of the antenatal care services during pregnancy associated with low birth weight in rural nepal.
Background low birth weight is related to increased risk of coronary heart disease in adults and recently has been associated with vascular endothelial dysfunction in children. Learn more about some risk factors for birth defects. Many factors affect foetal growth and thus, the birth weight. The principal aim of this study was to assess risk factors. It contributes substantially to neonatal, infant and childhood mortality as well as morbidity2. Having a risk factor doesnt mean for sure that youll have a lowbirthweight baby. A low birth weight infant can be born too small, too early, or both. Risk factors for preterm, low birth weight and small for. The global incidence of lbw is around 17%, although estimates. The majority of risk factors have differential effects on birth weight depending on the level of the associated factors. Children are more riskprone group of the population and low birth weight lbw is the leadingcause of newborns mortality and morbidity. Nutritional status is an important modifiable risk factor, but it is not the most important action a nurse should take in this situation. Low birth weight is one of the major determinants of perinatal survival, infant morbidity and mortality as well as the risk. Pdf sociodemographic and consanguinity risk factors.
In all those patients who gave birth to lbw babies risk factors were assessed. This crosssectional study was conducted in department of obstetrics and gynaecology layari general hospital and dow university of health sciences karachi between january 2007 to july 2008. Risk factors for low birth weight in hospitals of north. Risk factors for low birth weight ranked according to their estimated population attributable risk risk factor relative risk odds ratio exposure prevalence % par % tobacco smoke 1. Other adverse birth outcomes that are not discussed here include postterm birth, high birth weight, neonatal mortality, and birth defects, a specific group of adverse birth outcomes that include structural and functional abnormalities. Paneru dp, naik va, nilgar b, mallapur md 2014 obstetric risk factors for low birth weight. From 1985 to 20, the mean birth weight of infants in japan decreased from 3120 g to 3000 g, and the low birth weight rate among live births increased from 6. Low birth weight lbw is one of the main predictors of infant mortality. The subjects were all women who delivered at manhyia hospital within the years 2010 and 2012. Introduction low birth weight babies have been defined by w. Low birth weight low birth weight rate among african americans is twice that of caucasians, and is slightly higher for residents of the south compared to other parts of the united states. The prevalence of low birth weight in the study area is the highest in the country. Despite consistent efforts to improve the quality of maternal and child health, more than twenty million low birthweight lbw babies are born every year.
Prediction of low birth weight infants and its risk factors. The unadjusted significant risk for low birth weight that became nonsignificant when adjusted suggests that other abuserelated maternal health problems notably low weight gain and poor obstetic history are confounders or mediators that help to explain the relation between abuse and low birth weight. An unmatched case control study was done involving 159 cases mothers having lbw singleton babies and 159 controls mothers having normal birth weight. Apgar low birth weight lbw is defined by the world health organization as a birth weight of a infant of 2,499 g or less, regardless of gestational age. Another cause of low birthweight is intrauterine growth restriction. This study investigates the association of birthweight factors related to geodemographics, maternal health and pregnancy history in public hospitals at peshawar, north west frontier province nwfp pakistan.
It is therefore imperative to identify risk factors for lbw in various communities in the country in order to come up with. The incidence of low birthweight is higher among mothers under the age of 18 or over the age of 35. These factors operate to various extents in different environments and cultures. We will focus on what be believe to be the most important causes. Preterm birth and low birth weight babies born preterm before 37 completed weeks of gestation or at low birth weight less than 2,500 grams or 5. Reducing the risk of having a low birth weight baby for. Age the age of the mother is also a factor in birth weight. Risk factors associated with low birth weight of neonates. Subcategories include very low birth weight vlbw, which is less than 1500 g 3 pounds 5 ounces, and extremely low birth weight elbw, which is less than g 2 pounds 3 ounces. Very low and extremely low birthweight infants introduction and definitions. The infant health and development program was designed to evaluate the efficacy of intense pediatric and family support on reducing developmental and behavioral problems in low birth weight. Low birth weight, blood pressure, maternal factors, newborns introduction low birth weight lbw is defined as birth weight bw of less than 2,500g. The global incidence of lbw is around 17%, although estimates vary from 19% in the developing countries like bangladesh to 57% in the developed countries. Socioeconomic background may lead to differences in physical activity and maternal nutritional status, which may play an important role in birth outcomes.
Low birth weight infants are at increased risk for behavioral and emotional problems. The aim of this study was to determine incidence and risk factors for low birth weight, and associated perinatal morbidity and mortality in northern tanzania which will in turn help to design appropriate interventions to prevent adverse perinatal outcomes associated with lbw, and help to accelerate efforts towards millenium development goal 4. Babies with a birth weight of less than 2500 grams, irrespective of the period of their gestation are termed as low birth weight. Low birth weight is one of the major determinants of perinatal survival, infant morbidity and mortality as well as the risk of developmental disabilities and illnesses in future lives. Low birth weight infants are those born weighing less than 2500 g. Risk factors of low birth weight and effect of them on growth. D consistent prenatal care is the best method of preventing or controlling risk factors associated with infant mortality. When considering a foetus that is small for its gestational age, it is important to differentiate whether this is due to intrauterine growth restriction iugr, prematurity or other constitutional factors. Premature birth centers for disease control and prevention. Risk factors for low birth weight among rural and urban. It accounts for nearly half of all perinatal deaths.
Prediction of low birth weight infants and its risk. Background low birth weight at birth is an important underlying contributor for neonatal and infant mortality. Risk factors for preterm birth, low birth weight and sga births are assessed. Low birth weight lbw is a public health problem, because it is associated with increased risk of morbidity and mortality. One thousand fourteen newborns were classified as low birth weight. We found that low birth weight lbw was associated with lower risk of overweightobesity among girls at 45 years before or 0. No prospective study has elucidated the risk factors for poor fetal growth and preterm birth. Frequency and risk factors of low birth weight in term pregnancy. Risk factors for low birth weight in bale zone hospitals. Low birthweight is closely associated with foetal and neonatal mortality and morbidity, inhibited growth and cognitive development, and chronic diseases later in life. Birth weight is the first weight of the foetus or newborn obtained after birth.
Because many premature babies are born with low birthweight, many risk factors for preterm labor and premature birth are the same as for having a lowbirthweight baby. Low birthweight is a widely used indicator of newborn health. The neglected sociobehavioral risk factors of low birth. Health effects low birthweight and the environment cdc. Low birth weight is one of the main risk factors for infant morbidity and mortality. Low birth weight lbw is a leading risk factor for infant morbidity and mortality in the united states. Abstract the study investigated the prevalence and risk factors of low birth weight lbw in 1109 hospital births in.
This prospective crosssectional study aimed to identify ruralurban differences in risk factors for low birth weight. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and associated factors of low birth weight among mothers who delivered at governmental hospitals, northern. Risk factors and adverse perinatal outcome associated with. Birth weight of a child is an important indicator of its vulnerability for childhood illness and chances of survival. Preterm birth rates decreased from 2007 to 2014, and cdc research shows the decline in preterm births is partly due to fewer teens and young women giving birth. Many maternal and fetal factors are determined as risk factors of lbw. Reducing preterm birth is a national public health priority. A babys low weight at birth is either the result of preterm birth before 37 weeks of gestation or due to restricted foetal intrauterine growth.
This study was aimed to identify the risk factors of low birth weight in bale zone hospitals. Impact of low birth weight and cardiovascular risk factors. Preterm and low birth weight infants are at greater risk. Maternal risk factors for low birth weight in a district. Low birth weight newborns are at higher risk for perinatal and infant mortality 1, 2, 3 and other health complications such as hypertensive adults4. May 19, 2015 children are more riskprone group of the population and low birth weight lbw is the leadingcause of newborns mortality and morbidity. We investigated whether the relation between birth weight and endothelial function was still present in early adult life and whether there was an interaction with emerging risk factors. Determinants of low birth weight among mothers who gave. One thousand two hundred 1,200 who delivered at the hospital. Hence, this study aimed to identify risk factors for low birth weight. Introduction low birth weight lbw is the most common cause of neonatal death in developing countries. Pdf risk factors associated with low birth weight in newborns.
Lbw often occurs in babies who are born prematurely, before 37 weeks of. Risk factors for low birth weight in a socioeconomically. Pdf on jan 1, 2005, hs joshi and others published risk factors associated with low birth weight in newborns find, read and cite all the research you need. Birth weight is the weight of the newborn measured immediately after birth. Low birthweight childrens hospital of philadelphia. Sep 17, 2015 birth weight is an important determinant of child survival and development. Different risk factors for very low birth weight, term. Risk factors associated with low birth weight infants in the. Prevalence and factors associated with low birth weight. Recent trends, risk factors, and disparities in low birth. Maternal risk factors for low birth weight in a district hospital in ashanti region of ghana over 24,025women who delivered at the maternity ward of the hospital.
Prevalence and risk factors for low birth weight in ardabil. The objective of our study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with low birth weight in ardabil, iranfrom 2010 to 2011. Women who smoke are twice as likely to give birth to a low birth weight baby compared to nonsmokers 11% and 5% respectively. Many maternal and fetal factors are determined as risk factors. Birth weight is an important determinant of child survival and development. Low birthweight in newborns symptoms and causes boston.
Prematurity and low birth weight as risk factors for the. Who care of the preterm and lowbirthweight newborn. These risk factors are detailed in table b5 and include those that predate the pregnancy, e. This study aimed to identify the risk factors which were significantly associated with low birth weight lbw, birth weight less than 2500g. So far, the prevalence and traditional maternal feeding practice correlates of low birth weight have not been explored well in ethiopia. Odds of delivering a low birth weight baby decreased with increase in maternal haemoglobin odds ratio or. The risk of short final adult height was found to be five times higher for children with lbw and seven times higher for those with low birth length compared with children with normal birth size.
However, there are other factors that can also contribute to the risk of very low birthweight. Teen mothers especially those younger than 15 years old have a much higher risk of having a baby with low birthweight. Infant low birth weight definition and patient education. Risk factors in your everyday life for having a lowbirthweight baby. Wv birth to three at risk categories low birth weight 1500 gms. Low birth weight as a risk factor for hypertension.
Prevalence and risk factors for low birth weight in ardabil, iran. The prevalence and risk factors for low birth weight among. The problem of low birth weight improving birth outcomes. The mortality of low birth weight can be reduced if the maternal risk factors are detected early and managed by simple techniques. When considering a foetus that is small for its gestational age, it is important to differentiate whether this is due to intrauterine growth restriction. Low birth weight prevalence in malaysia remains high. Lbw is defined as childs birth weight lower than 2500 g. Low birth weight at term and its determinants in a. Maternal factors in predicting low birth weight babies. The factors vary from one area to another, depending upon geographic, socioeconomic and cultural factors. Risk factors for low birthweight in the publichospitals at. The variables including age, parity, booking status, maternal weight and height. There are large disparities in the prevalence of lbw by race and ethnicity.
Maternal risk factors associated with fetal and infant mortality. Data was categorized across risk factors and stratified by adequacy of prenatal care pnc. Risk factors associated with very low birth weight in a large. Low birth weight and its related risk factors in northeast iran. Chaman r, amiri m, raei m, ajami me, sadeghian a, khosravi a. Low birth weight lbw is a major determinant of infant mortality and morbidity. Identifying predictors of low birth weight is the first essential step in designing appropriate management strategies. Preterm birth born before 37 weeks of pregnancy and being small for gestational age, which are the reasons for lowbirthweight lbw, are also important indirect causes of. Placental abnormalities, cervical or uterine anomalies, and preeclampsia are additional medical risk. Childhood undernutrition was the dependent variable of the present study, and the variable was further disintegrated into three indices, namely stunting low heightforage, underweight low weight forage and, wasting low weight. A large number of infant deaths can be averted by appropriate management of low birth weight babies and prevention of factors associated with low birth weight. The prevalence of low birth weight in the study area is the highest in. For example, low maternal age and low prepregnancy bmi are associated with both increased risk of low birth weight and poor infant survival. Behavioral outcomes in low birth weight infants american.
Africanamerican babies are two times more likely to have low birthweight than white babies. To examine sociodemographic and biological risk factors associated with mothers giving birth to a low birthweight newborn among arab women in qatar. It is one of the major determinants of perinatal survival, infant morbidity, and mortality as well as the risk. Lbw is either caused by preterm birth that is, a low gestational age at birth, commonly defined as younger than 37 weeks of gestation or the infant being small for gestational age that is, a slow prenatal growth rate, or a combination of both in general, risk factors in the mother that may contribute to low birth weight. Are there ways to reduce the risk of infant mortality. Maternal risk factors associated with low birth weight. Physical and nonphysical partner abuse and other risk.